![]() Despite Monaco's independence and separate foreign policy, its defence is the responsibility of France, besides maintenance of two small military units. The state's sovereignty was officially recognised by the Franco-Monégasque Treaty of 1861, with Monaco becoming a full United Nations voting member in 1993. The House of Grimaldi has ruled Monaco, with brief interruptions, since 1297. Key members of the judiciary in Monaco are detached French magistrates. The prime minister, who is the head of government, can be either a Monégasque or a French citizen the monarch consults with the Government of France before an appointment. The principality is governed under a form of constitutional monarchy, with Prince Albert II as head of state, who wields immense political power despite his constitutional status. ![]() Through land reclamation, Monaco's land mass has expanded by 20 percent. Its most populous ward is Larvotto/Bas Moulins with a population of 5,443 as of 2008. The principality is about 15 km (9.3 mi) from the border with Italy. The highest point in the state is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel, in the Les Révoires ward, which is 161 m (528 ft) above sea level. Monaco has a land border of 5.47 km (3.40 mi) and the world's shortest coastline of approximately 3.83 km (2.38 mi) it has a width that varies between 1,700 and 349 m (5,577 and 1,145 ft). Its 19,009 inhabitants /km 2 (49,230/sq mi) make it the most densely-populated sovereign state in the world. With an area of 2.1 km 2 (0.81 sq mi), it is the second-smallest sovereign state in the world, after Vatican City. In addition, Monégasque (a dialect of Ligurian), English and Italian are spoken and understood by many residents. The official language of the principality is French. The principality is home to 38,682 residents, of whom 9,486 are Monégasque nationals it is widely recognised as one of the most expensive and wealthiest places in the world. It is bordered by France to the north, east and west. Monaco ( / ˈ m ɒ n ə k oʊ/ ( listen) French pronunciation: ), officially the Principality of Monaco, is a sovereign city-state and microstate on the French Riviera a few kilometres west of the Italian region of Liguria, in Western Europe, on the Mediterranean Sea. ^ GDP per capita calculations include non-resident workers from France and Italy.^ Government offices are located in the Monaco-Ville quarter.
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